English: Grotta dei Santi is a prehistoric site located in Tuscany (central Italy), dated to the Middle Palaeolithic. The site yielded traces of Neandertal occupations between 50,000 and 40,000 years BP. Due to its importance in the Italian Palaeolithic scenario, the Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment of the University of Siena (Italy) carries out research activities with the aim to deepen the knowledge of Neandertal behavior in central Italy. Archeologists live inside the cave with their tents during the fieldworks, due to the fact that it is possible to reach the site only with the help of a boat.