قائمة بالمعادن والصخور والأحجار الكريمة في الولايات المتحدة

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

يوجد في الولايات المتحدة العديد من المدن التي التي لديها رواسب معدنية كبيرة من المعادن والصخور والأحجار الكريمة. تعتبر تلك الرواسب المعدنية عامل سياحي مهم لبعض المدن.

وهذه قائمة بالمعادن والصخور والأحجار الكريمة في أمريكا.

جدول المعادن والصخور والأحجار الكريمة[عدل]

الدولة المعادن الصخور والأحجار الأحجار الكريمة
ألاباما[1]
A sparkling, metallic gray chunk of hematite on a blue background.
الهيماتيت حجر الدم (1967)
A chunk of pure white marble lies on a dark background.
رخام (1969)
A bluish gray round cabochon of quartz showing a four rayed star effect under intense lighting.
نجمة زرقاء (1990)
ألاسكا[2]
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold.
الدهب
  
An irregular chunk of celedon green jade.
أريزونا[3]
An irregular piece of native copper on a green background.
النحاس[4]
  
A rough nodule of turquoise in brown matrix with a split face showing areas of intense turquoise blue.
أركنساس[5]
A cluster of clear, colorless quartz crystals.
A slab of bauxite displaying brown orbicular formations which are approximately the size of the one cent coin which lies on top of the slab.
(1967)
Several white diamonds with brilliant cuts lie scattered across a white background.
الماس
كاليفورنيا[A][6]
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold ore.
ذهب كاليفورنيا
A rough chunk of dark green serpentine with lighter veining.
حجر الحية (1965)
A rough rock showing several intense, dark blue benitoite crystals emerging from white natrolite matrix.
(1985)
كولورادو[B][7]
Intense, transparent, strawberry red crystals of rhodochrosite from Colorado's Sweet Home mine.
(2002)
Large blocks of partially worked white marble lie on the ground at Colorado's Marble Mill site with the National Historical marker in the background.
رخام يول (2004)
A light blue piece of aquamarine cutting rough.
زبرجد (1971)
كونيتيكت[8]
A cluster of orange to red almandine garnet crystals.
A 1911 postcard showing a quarrying operation in Portland Connecticut with cliffs of brownstone in the background, rail lines for loading and transporting stone, industrial buildings, rail carts, and other parts of the operation.
  
ديلاوير[9]
A long crystal of light purple sillimanite on a white background.
    
فلوريدا[C][10]  
A nodule of gray fossilized coral which has been sliced in half with the halves lying opposite each other and showing the hollow center.
A chunk of grayish yellow moonstone which shows fracture lines and a blue glow in some portions.
جورجيا (ولاية أمريكية)[11]
Intersecting twinned crystals of brown staurolite forming an abstract sculptural mass.
  
An oval cabochon of pink quartz
هاواي    
Black branches of coral, along which are arranged bright yellow polyps.
[12]
أيداهو[13]    
A round cabochon of very dark red garnet which displays a six pointed star effect under intense lighting.
إلينوي[14]
A cluster of purple fluorite crystals with a few crystals of iron pyrite attached.
    
إنديانا[15]  
A chunk of limestone showing yellowish and white banding.
  
آيوا[16]  
Half of a sliced geode nodule showing the hollow center lined with white and grayish druzy crystals.
  
كانساس      
كنتاكي[17]
A chunk of black coal.
A smooth pebble of white agate with black and green dendrite formations.
A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background.
لويزيانا[18][19]
A chunk of agate in grayish and golden colors with the split face showing internal fortification banding along with a black dendritic formation.
  
Louisiana state gemstone
مين[20]    
Dark bluish and green or black, rod-like tourmaline crystals emerging from clear quartz holding matrix.
ماريلند[21]    
Peach reds and yellows with threadlike mossy and cell-like formations in semi-smooth tumbled agate pebbles.
Patuxent River Stone agate (2004)
ماساتشوستس[D][22]
Shiny black crystals of babingtonite on whitish matrix.
A rough chunk of rhodonite showing white and intense pink crystals.
ميشيغان[23]  
A polished brown pebble of petoskey stone showing the typically six-sided cellular structure from the fossilized coral.
A polished cabochon of green pumpellyite showing the desirable chatoyant, cell-like structure found in the Michigan material.
مينيسوتا[24]    
An oval cabochon of Lake Superior agate which displays the typical tight fortification banding in shades of reds, yellows and white.
مسيسيبي[25]  
A sliced section of a petrified wood log showing exterior fossilized bark and black, white, red and yellow agate in the interior.
  
ميزوري[26]
A slice of mozarkite with the face showing a swirling pattern of cream, pinks and yellows.
  
مونتانا[27]    
A custom shield cut sapphire from Rock Creek, Montana in deep blue with a slight green undertone or zoning.
و
A cloudy translucent white polished shield-shaped cabochon of Montana moss agate with puffy black dendrites arranged around a central area of golden fortifications.
نبراسكا[28]  
Tumble polished translucent agate pebbles showing gold, red and white colors.
A chunk of seam agate with the split face showing fortification banding in gray, blue and white colors.
نيفادا[29]
An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore.
A rough chunk of sandstone with the face showing layering in shades of brown, black and white.
A freeform cabochon of black Virgin Valley wood replacement opal with red, blue and green fire showing against the dark base opal.
Three rough chunks of raw turquoise in brown matrix are at the top of the picture, below which are a range of thirteen finished cabochons showing various colors ranging from green to light turquoise blue, and a range of spiderweb matrix ranging from none to light yellow to deep brown.
نيوهامبشير[30]
A yellowish white beryl crystal.
The Old Man of the Mountain granite formation in New Hampshire's White Mountains.
A cluster of transparent and light brown quartz crystals.
نيوجيرسي[31]      
نيومكسيكو[32]    
A polished, freeform cabochon of turquoise blue with brown dots of matrix inclusions.
نيويورك (ولاية)[33]    
A round, faceted garnet gemstone in deep red with orange undertones.
كارولاينا الشمالية[34]
An irregularly shaped nugget of native gold.
The polished face of a granite slab showing an even pattern of white, greenish and black crystals.
Translucent green emerald crystals in a cream-colored matrix.
داكوتا الشمالية[35]      
أوهايو[36]    
A freeform cabochon of Ohio flint with a pattern of cream and ochre bands and a bluish black pattern at one end.
أوكلاهوما[37]  
A rough, oval desert rose formation made up of barite crystals.
  
أوريغون[E][38]  
A sliced thunderegg with the polished face showing a water level pattern in clear, blue and white chalcedony bands.
Four faceted gemstones in various cuts showing some of the Oregon labradorite colors, including dichroic red green, red and yellow bicolor, clear with copper shiller streaking, and teal blue-green.
بنسيلفانيا[39]      
رود آيلاند[40]
The face of a polished slab of bowenite serpentine with a wavy pattern in colors ranging from intense jade green to yellows.
Two rough chunks of cumberlandite showing reddish brown coloring with a few whitish streaks.
  
كارولاينا الجنوبية[41]  
A closeup of the polished face of a slab of granite showing grains of white, bluish gray and black.
A cluster of light purple to violet amethyst crystals.
داكوتا الجنوبية[42] [43]
  
A group of tumble polished agates showing banding in red, orange and white with crystal interiors.
تينيسي[44]
A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation.
Closup view of an unpolished, gray limestone slab showing fossil shell and other inclusions.
و
A round cabochon of Tennessee paint rock showing clear holding agate, white banding and a red mossy formation.
A string of white pearls arranged in a twisted pile on a white background.
تكساس[45]
An irregularly shaped specimen of native silver ore.
An oval palmwood cabochon in a buff color with dark dots formed when sclerenchyma structures in the wood was replaced by chalcedony.
A light blue chunk of topaz cutting rough.
A line drawing showing the five-pointed star feature in the pavilion of the Lone Star gemstone cut.
يوتا[46]
An irregular piece of native copper on a green background.
A chunk of black coal.
A terminated raw, golden topaz crystal.
فيرمونت[47]
A chunk of translucent white talc.
A buff-colored boulder of granite.
و
The white marble state capitol building in Montpelier.
و
An unpolished, irregular slab of gray slate.
فرجينيا[48][49]  
A speckled rock specimen
  
واشنطن (ولاية)[50]    
A sliced section of a petrified wood log showing exterior fossilized bark and black, white, red and yellow agate in the interior.
فيرجينيا الغربية[F][51]  
A chunk of black coal.
A polished slab showing the cellular structure from the fossilized coral.
ويسكونسن[52]
A rough chunk of granite showing grains of red, pink, white, gray and black.
  
وايومنغ[53]    
A freeform triangular cabochon of olive-green Wyoming nephrite jade.

ملاحظات[عدل]

  1. ^ California in 1965 became the first state to name an official state rock. A 2010 effort led by State Senator Gloria J. Romero, a Democrat from لوس أنجلوس, sought to remove سربنتينيت from its perch as the state's official stone. Organizations such as the Asbestos Disease Awareness Organization have supported the move as the olive green rock is a source of أسبست السيربنتين, a form of أسبست that can cause ورم المتوسطة and other forms of cancer. Geologists have rallied to oppose the bill, arguing that there is no way to be harmed from casual exposure to serpentine.[54] The bill did not reach a final vote and died in committee at the end of August 2010. In 1986, California named بينيتويت as its state gemstone, a form of the mineral barium titanium silicate that is unique to the Golden State and only found in gem quality in مقاطعة سان بينيتو (كاليفورنيا).[55]
  2. ^ Colorado is the only state whose geological symbols reflect the national flag's colors: red (rhodochrosite), white (yule marble), and blue (aquamarine).
  3. ^ Florida's State Gem, moonstone was adopted to highlight Florida's role in the United States' برنامج أبولو which first landed astronauts on the Moon.[56]
  4. ^ Massachusetts has 3 official state rocks: State Historical Rock (صخرة بليموث), State Explorer Rock (Dighton Rock), and State Building and Monument Stone (جرانيت).
  5. ^ A measure passed the مجلس شيوخ ولاية أوريغون in March 1965 naming the ثونديريج as Oregon's state rock, in a move that was supported as a way to stimulate tourism in the state. The thunderegg, a nodule-like geological structure, similar to a جيود (حجر), that is formed within a ريوليت lava flow, were said by the Native Americans of Warm Springs  [لغات أخرى]‏ to have been created by thunder spirits that lived in the craters of جبل هود and جبل جيفرسون.[57][58]
  6. ^ In 2009, فيرجينيا الغربية named فحم قاري as its official state rock, in a resolution that noted that the coal industry plays an "integral part of the economic and social fabric of the state". West Virginia joined كنتاكي and يوتا which also recognize coal as a state mineral or rock. The drive to name coal as an official state symbol was initiated by a high school student from Wharncliffe, West Virginia, who initiated her project at a school fair and collected 2,500 signatures on a petition that was submitted to legislators.[59]

مراجع[عدل]

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  57. ^ via يونايتد برس إنترناشيونال. "Senate Votes Thunderegg State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard, March 6, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010. نسخة محفوظة 11 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  58. ^ via أسوشيتد برس. "House Approves State Rock", Eugene Register-Guard, March 26, 1965. Accessed July 13, 2010. نسخة محفوظة 11 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
  59. ^ O'Caroll, Eoin. "West Virginia names coal as its official state rock", كريسشان ساينس مونيتور, June 12, 2009. Accessed July 13, 2010. نسخة محفوظة 25 مايو 2017 على موقع واي باك مشين.
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