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مستخدم:محمد 19951/ملعب11

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة
1894 map showing the extent of the Mahdist state in Sudan

Preliminaries[عدل]

Herbert Kitchener, Sirdar of the Egyptian army

[1][2]

[3][4][5][6][7][8]

[9][10][11]

Kitchener's forces[عدل]

Sudanese soldiers in the Egyptian army, 1899

[12][13][14]

[15][16]

Sudan Military Railroad[عدل]

Rail, river and caravan communications in Sudan during the campaign

[17][18]

[19]

[20][21]

[22]

[23]

Campaign of 1896[عدل]

General Kitchener and the Anglo-egyptian Nile Campaign, 1898 HU93828

[24]

[25]

[26][27]

[28][29][30][31]

Campaign of 1897[عدل]

Paddle steamer 'Bordein' of the Mahdist navy

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35][36]

[37]

Campaign of 1898[عدل]

[38]

[39]

[40]

Battle of Omdurman[عدل]

Khartoum and Omdurman
Bombardment of Mahdist positions by one of Kitchener's gunboats

[41][42]

[43][44][45][46][47][48]

Final Campaigns[عدل]

[49]

[50]

[51]

[52]

[53]

See also[عدل]

References[عدل]

  1. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.241
  2. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.2
  3. ^ Robert Collins, The British in the Sudan, 1898–1956: The Sweetness and the Sorrow, Springer, 1984 p.8
  4. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xiv
  5. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xxviii
  6. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.2
  7. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.240
  8. ^ http://www.militarysunhelmets.com/2014/marchand-and-the-race-for-fashoda accessed 6/1/2017
  9. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.247
  10. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.3
  11. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xxviii
  12. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xxxviii
  13. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.2
  14. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.202-204
  15. ^ Ronald M. Lamothe, Slaves of Fortune: Sudanese Soldiers and the River War, 1896-1898, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2011 p.32
  16. ^ Ronald M. Lamothe, Slaves of Fortune: Sudanese Soldiers and the River War, 1896-1898, Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2011 pp.33-4
  17. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.238-41
  18. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.3
  19. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 pp.xxviii-xxix
  20. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 pp.248-59
  21. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 pp.248-50
  22. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 pp.2-3
  23. ^ Edward M. Spiers, Sudan: The Reconquest Reappraised, Routledge, 2013 p.3
  24. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.181-84
  25. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.181-84
  26. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.248
  27. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.238-247
  28. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.244-45
  29. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.261-71
  30. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xxviii
  31. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.1 pp.272
  32. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 p.312-14
  33. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 p.319-21
  34. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 p.336-8
  35. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 pp.xxviii-xxix
  36. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 p.357
  37. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 p.358-60
  38. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.252
  39. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, vol.2 pp.66-7
  40. ^ Harold E. Raugh Jr., British Military Operations in Egypt and the Sudan: A Selected Bibliography, Scarecrow Press, 2008 p.xxix
  41. ^ Robert Collins, A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.30-31
  42. ^ Winston Churchill, The River War, Longman 1899 vol.2 p.173
  43. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.2
  44. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.3
  45. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 pp.2-3
  46. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.5
  47. ^ Max Hastings, The Oxford Book of Military Anecdotes, Oxford University Press, 1986 pp.308-10
  48. ^ Dominic Green, Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, Simon and Schuster, 2007 p.268
  49. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.9
  50. ^ Robert Collins, A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.32
  51. ^ Robert Collins, A History of Modern Sudan, Cambridge University Press, 2008 p.32
  52. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.9
  53. ^ M.W.Daly, Empire on the Nile: The Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1986 p.9

External links[عدل]


Category:1890s in Sudan Category:British Army personnel of the Mahdist War Category:Mahdist War Category:1890s in Egypt Category:Conflicts in 1899 Category:Conflicts in 1898 Category:Conflicts in 1897 Category:Conflicts in 1896

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