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مستخدم:محمد 19951/ملعب4

من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعة الحرة

[1]

[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

History[عدل]

[13][14]

[15][16]

[17][18][19]

[20][21][22]

[23][24][25][26][27]

Civil–military relations in Afghanistan[عدل]

[28]

Professional organization and journal[عدل]

  1. [29]
  2. [30]
  3. [26]
  4. [27]
  5. [31]
  6. [32]
  7. [33]
  8. [34]

Major theoretical discussions in Civil-military relations[عدل]

[35][36][37]

[16][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]

Institutional theory[عدل]

Samuel P. Huntington

[17][46][47][48]

[49]

[50][51]

[52]

[53]

Convergence theory[عدل]

[18]

[39][42][48][54][55][56]

[57][58]

Institutional/occupational hypothesis[عدل]

[59][60]

Agency theory[عدل]

[61][14]

[62]

[17]

[63][64][65]

[65][66][63]

Concordance theory[عدل]

[67][68]

Other civil-military relations issues[عدل]

Liberal theory and the American Founding Fathers[عدل]

[69]

[70]

[71]

[72]

[73]

Civilian-military culture gap thesis[عدل]

[74][75][76]

[77]

What is the nature of the gap?[عدل]

  2. [78]

[79][80][81]

[79][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90]

[91][78]

Why does the gap matter?[عدل]

[92][93][94][95][96]

[83][97]

Correcting the problem[عدل]

[78][98]

[99]

Contemporary issues[عدل]

[100]

See also[عدل]

Notable writers and researchers in civil-military relations[عدل]

References[عدل]

  1. ^ James Burk. 2002. "Theories of Democratic Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society. 29(1): 7–29.
  2. ^ Robert Mandel. 2004. "The Wartime Utility of Precision Versus Brute Force in Weaponry." Armed Forces & Society. 30(2): 171–201.
  3. ^ Robert Mandel. 2007. Reassessing Victory in Warfare. Armed Forces & Society. 33(4): 461–495.
  4. ^ Donald S. Inbody. 2015. The Soldier Vote: War, Politics, and the Ballot in America. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  5. ^ Donald S. Inbody. 2008. "Partisanship and the Military." in Inside Defense: Understanding the U.S. Military in the 21st Century. Derek S. Reveron and Judith Hicks Stiehm (eds). New York: Palgrave-Macmillan.
  6. ^ Donald S. Inbody. 2009. Grand Army of the Republic or Grand Army of the Republicans? Political Party and Ideological Preferences of American Enlisted Personnel.
  7. ^ Morris Janowitz. 1982. "Consequences of Social Science Research on the U.S. Military." Armed Forces & Society. 8(4): 507–524.
  8. ^ Peter D. Feaver and Richard H. Kohn, (Eds.) 2001. Soldiers and Civilians: The Civil-Military Gap and American National Security. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  9. ^ Jere Cohen and Mady Wechsler Segal. 2009. "Veterans, the Vietnam Era, and Marital Dissolution: An Event History Analysis." Armed Forces & Society. دُوِي:10.1177/0095327X09332146.
  10. ^ Brian J. Reed and David R. Segal. 2000. "The Impact of Multiple Deployments on Soldiers' Peacekeeping Attitudes, Morale, and Retention." Armed Forces & Society. 27(1): 57–78.
  11. ^ Richard T. Cooney, Jr., Mady Wechsler Segal, David R. Segal and William W. Falk. 2003. "Racial Differences in the Impact of Military Service on the Socioeconomic Status of Women Veterans." Armed Forces & Society. 30(1): 53.85.
  12. ^ David R. Segal and Morten G. Ender. 2008. "Sociology in Military Officer Education." Armed Forces & Society. 35(1): 3–15.
  13. ^ Sun Tzu. 1971. The Art of War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  14. ^ ا ب Carl von Clausewitz. 1989. On War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  15. ^ Alfred Vagts. 1937. A History of Militarism: A Romance and Realities of a Profession. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
  16. ^ ا ب Pearl S. Buck, et al. 1949. "New Evidence of the Militarization of America." National Council Against Conscription.
  17. ^ ا ب ج Samuel P. Huntington. 1957. The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
  18. ^ ا ب Morris Janowitz. 1960. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press.
  19. ^ Samuel E. Finer. 1988. The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
  20. ^ Samuel Decalo. 1976. Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Studies in Military Style. New Haven: Yale University Press.
  21. ^ Charles F. Andrain. 1994. Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.
  22. ^ Mark Beeson. 2008. "Civil-Military Relations in Indonesia and the Philippines: Will the Thai Coup Prove Contagious?" Armed Forces & Society. 34(3): 474–490.
  23. ^ Michael C. Desch. 1998. "Soldiers, States, and Structures: The End of the Cold War and Weakening U.S. Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society. 24(3): 389–405.
  24. ^ Michael C. Desch. 2001. Civilian Control of the Military: The Changing Security Environment. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  25. ^ Bartholomew H. Sparrow and Donald S. Inbody. 2005. Supporting Our Troops? U. S. Civil-Military Relations in the Twenty-first Century. Prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, D.C. (September).
  26. ^ ا ب K.E. Sorokin. 1993. "Conversion in Russia: The Need for a Balanced Strategy." Journal of Political and Military Sociology. 12(2): 163–179.
  27. ^ ا ب Dale Herspring. 2009. "Civil-Military Relations in the United States and Russia: An Alternative Approach." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):667.
  28. ^ Ashley Jackson and Simone Haysom; April 2013; The search for common ground, Civil–military relations in Afghanistan, 2002–13; HPG Policy Brief 51; http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/7446-stablisation-civil-military-relations-afghanistan
  29. ^ Pascal Vennesson, Fabian, Breuer, Chiara de Franco, and Ursula C. Schroeder. 2009. "Is There a European Way of War? Role Conceptions, Organizational Frames, and the Utility of Force." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):628.
  30. ^ Anthony King. 2009. "The Special Air Service and the Concentration of Power." Armed Forces and Society. 35(4):646.
  31. ^ Emmanuel O. Ojo. 2009. "Guarding the Guardians: A Prognosis of Panacea for Evolving Stable Civil-Military Relations in Nigeria." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):688.
  32. ^ Zeki Sarigil. 2009. "Deconstructing the Turkish Military's Popularity." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):709.
  33. ^ Victoria Basham. 2009. "Effecting Discrimination: Operational Effectiveness and Harassment in the British Armed Forces." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):728.
  34. ^ Charles Kirke. 2009. "Group Cohesian, Culture, and Practice." Armed Forces & Society. 35(4):745.
  35. ^ Robert A. Pollard. 1985. Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War, 1945–1950. New York: Columbia University Press.
  36. ^ John W. Chambers. 1987. To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America. New York: Free Press.
  37. ^ George Q. Flynn. 2000. The Draft, 1940–1973. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.
  38. ^ Fred J. Cook. 1962. The Warfare State. New York: MacMillan.
  39. ^ ا ب Irving Louis Horowitz. 1963. The War Game. New York: Ballantine Books.
  40. ^ Tristram Coffin. 1964. The Passion of the Hawks. New York: MacMillan.
  41. ^ John Swomley. 1964. The Military Establishment. Boston: Beacon Press.
  42. ^ ا ب Erwin Knoll and Judith Nies McFadden (eds). 1969. American Militarism 1970. New York: Viking Press.
  43. ^ M. Vincent Hayes (ed). 1973. "Is the Military Taking Over?" New Priorities: a Magazine for Activists. 1(4). London: Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Ltd.
  44. ^ C. Wright Mills. 1956. The Power Elite. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  45. ^ C. Wright Mills. 1958. The Causes of World War III. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc.
  46. ^ William T.R. Fox. 1961. "Representativeness and Efficiency: Dual Problem of Civil-Military Relations" Political Science Quarterly 76(3): 354–366.
  47. ^ Peter Karsten. 1971. "ROTC, MyLai and the Volunteer Army." Foreign Policy 6 (Spring).
  48. ^ ا ب M. Vincent Hayes(ed). 1973. "Is the Military Taking Over?" New Priorities: a Magazine for Activists. 1(4). London: Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Ltd.
  49. ^ Samuel P. Huntington. 1957. The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, viii.
  50. ^ Samuel P. Huntington. 1957. The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 79, 92.
  51. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1996. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-Military Relations?" The Tocqueville Review. 17(1): 159.
  52. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1996. "An American Crisis in Civilian Control and Civil-Military Relations?" The Tocqueville Review. 17(1): 159–182.
  53. ^ Samuel P. Huntington. 1957. The Soldier and the State; the Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 457.
  54. ^ Gene Lyons. 1961. "The New Civil-Military Relations." American Political Science Review 55(1).
  55. ^ Harold Wool. 1968. The Military Specialist. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
  56. ^ Morris Janowitz. 1973. "The Social Demography of the All-Volunteer Force." Annals of the American Academy of Political Science. 406(March): 86–93.
  57. ^ Morris Janowitz. 1960. The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait. Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press., 418.
  58. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1996. "The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces and Society. 23(2): 149–178.
  59. ^ Charles C. Moskos. 1977. "From Institution to Occupation: Trends in Military Organization." Armed Forces & Society. 4(1): 41–50.
  60. ^ Charles C. Moskos. 1986. "Institutional/Occupational Trends in Armed Forces: An Update." Armed Forces & Society. 12(3):377.
  61. ^ Harry G. Summers. 1984. On Strategy: A Critical Analysis of the Vietnam War. New York: Dell Publishing.
  62. ^ H.R. McMaster. 1998. Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, The Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies that Led to Vietnam. New York: Harper Perennia.
  63. ^ ا ب Peter D. Feaver. 1998. "Crisis as Shirking: An Agency Theory Explanation of the Souring of American Civil-Military Relations." Armed Forces & Society. 24(3): 407–434.
  64. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1996b. "The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society. 23(2): 149–178.
  65. ^ ا ب Peter D. Feaver. 2003. Armed Servants: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  66. ^ Mackubin Thomas Owens. 2003. "Civilian Rumsfeld: Overseeing the Military." National Review Online. http://www.nationalreview.com/owens/owens071703.asp.
  67. ^ Rebecca L. Schiff. 2008. The Military and Domestic Politics: A Concordance Theory of Civil-Military Relations. New York, New York: Routledge.
  68. ^ Rebecca L. Schiff. 1995. "Civil-Military Relations Reconsidered: A Theory of Concordance." Armed Forces & Society. 22(1): 7–24.
  69. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1996. "The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz and the Question of Civilian Control." Armed Forces & Society. 23(2): 149–178.
  70. ^ Donald S. Inbody. 2015. The Soldier Vote. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 101-116.
  71. ^ Jack N. Rackove. 1990. Interpreting the Constitution: The Debate Over Original Intent. Boston: Northeastern.
  72. ^ Gottfried Dietze. 1960. The Federalist: A Classic on Federalism and Free Government. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press.
  73. ^ Max Farrand. 1911. Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. New Haven: Yale University Press. 1:465.
  74. ^ Alfred Vagts. 1937. A History of Militarism: A Romance and Realities of a Profession. New York: W.W. Norton & Company., 11–15.
  75. ^ Louis Smith. 1951. American Democracy and Military Power. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  76. ^ Lindsay Cohn. 1999. "The Evolution of the Civil-Military "Gap" Debate." A paper prepared for the TISS Project on the Gap Between the Military and Civilian Society. The organization for this section is based on Cohn's detailed discussion and survey of the Culture Debate literature.
  77. ^ Donald S. Inbody. 2015. The Soldier Vote. New York: Palgrave-Macmillan, 101-1216. (See especially chapter 8, American Civil-Military Relations.
  78. ^ ا ب ج Lindsay Cohn. 1999. "The Evolution of the Civil-Military "Gap" Debate." A paper prepared for the TISS Project on the Gap Between the Military and Civilian Society.
  79. ^ ا ب Charles William Maynes. 1998. "The Perils Of (and For) an Imperial America." Foreign Policy. 111(Summer): 36–47.
  80. ^ David Tarr and Peter Roman. 1998, October 19. "The Military is Still in Close Contact with Civilians." Biloxi Sun Herald.
  81. ^ C.J. Chivers. 1999, September 14. "Military Fights an Imaginary Rift With the Public." USA Today, 17
  82. ^ Mark J. Eitelberg and Roger G. Little. 1995. "Influential Elites and the American Military After the Cold War. U.S. Civil-Military Relations: In Crisis or Transition. ed.s. Donald M. Snider and Miranda A. Carlton-Carew. Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  83. ^ ا ب Andrew J. Bacevich and Richard H. Kohn. 1997. "Grand Army of the Republicans: Has the U.S. Military Become a Partisan Force?" The New Republic 217 (23-8) Dec): 22 ff.
  84. ^ Donald K. Muchow. 1995. "A Preliminary Analysis of American Values of Life and Community." JSCOPE 95.
  85. ^ Fred Tasker. 1990, September 27. "Who Are Today's Soldiers – And Why?" The Seattle Times, F1.
  86. ^ Martin Binkin. 1993. Who Will Fight the Next War? Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
  87. ^ Judith Hicks Stiehm. 1996. "The Civilian Mind." in Judith Hicks Stiehm, ed. It's Our Military, Too! Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  88. ^ Don M. Snider and Miranda A. Carlton-Carew. ed.s 1995. U.S. Civil-Military Relations: In Crisis or Transition? Washington, D.C.: The Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  89. ^ George Will. 1997, May 25. "Lott, and Others, Need to Butt Out." The Plain Dealer, 5F. May 25.
  90. ^ Richard Danzig. 1999. The Big Three: Our Greatest Security Risks and How to Address Them. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University.
  91. ^ Elizabeth Kier. 1998. "Homosexuals in the U.S. Military: Open Integration and Combat Effectiveness." International Security 23(2): 5–39.
  92. ^ Andrew J. Bacevich and Richard H. Kohn. 1997. "Grand Army of the Republicans: Has the U.S. Military Become a Partisan Force?" The New Republic. 217 (23-8) Dec): 22 ff.
  93. ^ C.J. Chivers. 1999, September 14. "Military Fights an Imaginary Rift With the Public." USA Today. 17.
  94. ^ Peter D. Feaver. 1999. "Civil-Military Relations." Annual Review of Political Science. 2: 211–241.
  95. ^ J.F. McIsaac & N. Verdugo. 1995. "Civil-military relations: A domestic perspective." In D. M. Snider & M. A. Carlton-Carew (Eds.), U.S. civil-military relations in crisis of transition? (pp. 21–33). Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  96. ^ Mark J. Eitelberg and Roger G. Little. 1995. "Influential Elites and the American Military After the Cold War." U.S. Civil-Military Relations: In Crisis or Transition. Donald M. Snider and Miranda A. Carlton-Carew (eds). Washington, D.C.: Center for Strategic and International Studies.
  97. ^ Elizabeth Kier. 1999. "Discrimination and Military Cohesian: An Organizational Perspective." In Mary Fainsod Katzenstein and Judith Reppy, eds. 1999. Beyond Zero Tolerance: Discrimination in Military Culture. New York: Alexshan Books.
  98. ^ Donald K. Muchow. 1995. "A Preliminary Analysis of American Values of Life and Community." Muchow95.html. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the Joint Services Conference on Professional Ethics (JSCOPE).
  99. ^ Thomas E. Ricks. 1997. Making the Corps. New York: Scribner.
  100. ^ Etzioni, Amitai. "Who Authorized Preparations for War with China?" Yale Journal of International Affairs, June 2013. [1]

Further reading[عدل]

Institutional/occupational hypothesis[عدل]

Agency theory and concordance theory[عدل]

Recruiting and military organization[عدل]

Conscription vs. the all-volunteer force[عدل]

Gender and sexual orientation in the military[عدل]

Civil-military gap[عدل]

Privatization[عدل]

External links[عدل]

Blogs[عدل]


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