2005 إلى الوقت الحاضر: ما بعد الانتفاضة، صراع غزة[عدل]
بعد انسحاب إسرائيل بالكامل من غزة في عام 2005، أطلقت حماس ومسلحون آخرون وابلًا من الهجمات الصاروخية اليومية على إسرائيل. مدينة سديروت، على سبيل المثال، على بعد ميل واحد من غزة، أصيبت بأكثر من 360 صاروخ قسام في غضون ستة أشهر بعد انسحاب إسرائيل. في يونيو 2006، ولج مسلحون من غزة نفقًا إلى داخل إسرائيل، مما أسفر عن مقتل جنديين وأسر جندي واحد. بعد أسبوعين، هاجم حزب الله، بدعم من إيران وسوريا، إسرائيل عبر الحدود الإسرائيلية اللبنانية المعترف بها دوليًا، مما أسفر عن مقتل ثمانية جنود واختطاف اثنين، وإطلاق وابل من الصواريخ في وقت واحد على البلدات في شمال إسرائيل. وردت إسرائيل بعملية عسكرية استمرت 34 يومًا. بعد أن أطلقت حماس آلاف الصواريخ على بلدات إسرائيلية ورفضت تجديد الهدنة لمدة ستة أشهر، ردت إسرائيل بعملية عسكرية ضد حماس لحماية المواطنين الإسرائيليين. انتهت العملية التي استمرت 22 يومًا في 18 يناير 2009. في مايو 2010، حاول النشطاء الأتراك مع أسطول الحرية لغزة كسر الحصار البحري الإسرائيلي على غزة التي تسيطر عليها حماس. في أغسطس 2010، أطلق جنود لبنانيون النار وقتلوا جنديًا إسرائيليًا أثناء عمليات صيانة روتينية للجيش الإسرائيلي على الحدود. وقُتل ثلاثة جنود لبنانيين وصحفي لبناني في تبادل لإطلاق النار.
Following the Gaza beach blast, in which seven members of one family and one other Palestinians were killed on a Gaza beach, the armed wing of Hamas called off its 16-month-old truce. Israel claimed it was shelling 250 m away from the family's location; Palestinians claimed that the explosion was Israeli responsibility. Some said Israel had not been responsible for the blast or doubted they were.[1][2][3][4][5][6] An Israeli internal investigation report claimed the blast was most likely caused by an unexploded munition buried in the sand and not by shelling. This investigation was criticized by Human Rights Watch and The Guardian.
June 13
Israel killed 11 Palestinians in a missile strike on a van carrying Palestinian militants and rockets driving through a densely civilian populated area in Gaza.[7] Nine among those killed are civilian bystanders.
June 25
After crossing the border from the Gaza Strip into Israel, Palestinian militants attacked an Israeli army post. The militants captured Gilad Shalit, killed two IDF soldiers and wounded four others. Israel launched Operation "Summer Rains".
July 5
First Qassam rocket of increased range was fired into the school yard in the Southern Israeli coastal city of Ashkelon. This was the first instance of an increased distance Qassam rockets could reach and the first time a significantly large city had been attacked. No one was injured in this attack.[8]
July 12
2006 Lebanon War: Hezbollah infiltrated Israel in a cross-border raid, captured two soldiers and killed three others. Israel attempted to rescue the captured, and five more soldiers were killed. Israel's military responded, and the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict began. The conflict resulted in the deaths of 1,191 Lebanese people and 165 Israelis. Of the Israelis killed, 121 were soldiers and 44 were civilians.[9] It is unclear how many of the Lebanese fatalities were combatants, though Israeli officials reported that an estimated 800 were Hezbollah militants. Approximately one million Lebanese and 300,000–500,000 Israelis were displaced.
July 26
Israel launched a counter-offensive to deprive cover to militants firing rockets into Israel from Gaza. 23 Palestinians killed, at least 16 were identified militants, 76 wounded.
August 14
2006 Fox journalists kidnapping. Palestinian militants kidnapped Fox journalists Olaf Wiig and Steve Centanni, demanding the U.S. to release all Muslims in prison. The two were eventually released on August 27, after stating they had converted to Islam. They both later said that they were forced to convert to Islam at gunpoint.
A UN study declared the humanitarian situation in the Gaza Strip "intolerable", with 75% of the population dependent on food aid,[12] and an estimated 80% of the population living below the poverty line.[13] The Palestinian economy had largely relied on Western aid and revenues, which had been frozen since Hamas's victory. The situation can also be attributed to Israeli closures, for which Israel and the EU cited security concerns, specifically smuggling, possible weapons transfers and uninhibited return of exiled extremist leaders and terrorists; as well as an extremely high birth rate.[14][15][16][17]
October 11–14
In the midst of an increase of rocket attacks against Israel, the Israeli Air Force fired into the Gaza Strip over a three-day period. 21 Palestinians were killed (17 Hamas militants, 1 al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades militant, and 3 civilians). The two dozen wounded included gunmen and passersby.[18] Israel said the offensive was designed to track down the capture soldier and to stop militants firing rockets into Israel. Spokesman Abu Ubaida for Hamas's military wing issued a statement vowing "we will bombard and strike everywhere" in response to the attacks. Makeshift rockets were immediately shot into Israel.
October 20
Brokered by Egyptian mediators, Fatah reached a deal to end fighting between the Hamas and Fatah factions, both groups agreeing to refrain from acts that raise tensions and committing themselves to dialogue to resolve differences. Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas brushed off comments by President Mahmoud Abbas, head of Fatah, who indicated he could dismiss the Hamas-led cabinet. Abbas unsuccessfully urged Hamas to accept international calls to renounce violence and recognize Israel's right to exist.
Palestinian gunmen (presumably of the Fatah faction) opened fire at the convoy of Prime Minister Haniyeh as it passed through a refugee camp in central Gaza.[19]
November 8
Beit Hanoun November 2006 incident. Amidst ongoing rocket fire, Israel shelled Beit Hanoun, killing 19 Palestinian civilians (seven children, four women) during the Gaza operations. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert apologised, saying the incident had been an accidental "technical failure" by the Israeli military.
